Which term refers to sanctions for illegal acts in construction?

• A. Legislation
• B. Breach of Statutory Duty
• C. Law of restitution
• D. Criminal Law

Answer: (D)

Criminal law governs penalties for illegal acts, outlining what counts as an offence and the punishments that follow, such as fines or imprisonment. In construction, illegal acts like fraud, theft, or safety violations are prosecuted under criminal law, with sanctions imposed by the state. Legislation are the laws themselves that create offences and duties, not the penalties. Breach of Statutory Duty is about failing to meet a statutory obligation and is usually pursued as a civil or regulatory matter rather than a general criminal sanction. Law of restitution deals with restoring value that was lost or wrongfully taken, not with criminal penalties. Therefore, the term describing sanctions for illegal acts is criminal law.