Which statement about where brownfield sites are located and its effect on urban green space is accurate?

• A. Brownfield sites do not affect city expansion
• B. They always require green field improvements
• C. They are primarily in rural countryside
• D. Most brownfield sites are already in cities, helping limit expansion into green areas

Answer: (D)

Brownfield sites are land within the urban footprint that has already been developed and often sits idle after previous industrial or commercial use. Redeveloping this inner-city land concentrates growth where there is already built infrastructure, which helps limit outward expansion into undeveloped green spaces on the outskirts. That is why the statement that most brownfield sites are already in cities, helping limit expansion into green areas, is accurate.

The other ideas don’t fit because brownfield redevelopment does influence city growth by focusing development inward rather than spreading into rural countryside. They don’t always require greenfield-style improvements; remediation and adaptive reuse within the existing urban site are common, rather than expanding into new greenfields. And brownfields are not primarily in rural countryside—by definition, they are former developed land within urban areas.