Waste is generated from all stages of the construction lifecycle.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not sure
• D. Sometimes

Answer: (A)

Waste arises at every stage of the construction lifecycle because each phase involves decisions, activities and processes that generate material by-products, surplus, and discarded items. In the design phase, changes in scope, value engineering, and design errors can lead to rework and scrap once construction starts. In procurement and logistics, packaging, pallets and over-ordered materials create waste before any construction occurs. During construction itself, offcuts, spoilage, damaged items, and leftovers from temporary works accumulate on site. In commissioning and handover, packaging waste, obsolete parts, and test materials add to the waste stream. In operation and maintenance, ongoing replacement of consumables and components continues to produce waste. Finally, demolition or decommissioning generates substantial waste from the breakdown of structures and systems. Because waste is produced in every stage, the statement is true.